Cheat sheet · Class 10 · CBSE Social Science
History: Nationalism in India cheat sheet
The whole chapter on one page: key formulas, facts and the points to remember, for quick revision before a test.
CBSE Class 10 · Social Science
Cheat sheet
History · Chapter 2Nationalism in India
Satyagraha: the power of truth, not force.
1. First World War & Khilafat
- WWI → higher defence spending, taxes, prices; forced recruitment; crop failures, influenza
- Satyagraha (Gandhi returned Jan 1915): Champaran 1917 (indigo), Kheda 1917 (peasants), Ahmedabad 1918 (mill workers)
- Rowlatt Act 1919: detention without trial → hartal
- Jallianwala Bagh, 13 April 1919 – General Dyer fired on crowd
- Khilafat movement: Ali brothers (Muhammad Ali, Shaukat Ali); Calcutta Congress Sept 1920 agreed on Non-Cooperation
2. Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22)
Accepted at Nagpur session, Dec 1920. Based on Gandhi's book Hind Swaraj (1909).
| Group | Participation |
|---|---|
| Towns (middle class) | Boycott of foreign cloth, schools, courts; khadi |
| Awadh peasants | Baba Ramchandra vs talukdars; Oudh Kisan Sabha |
| Gudem hills (Andhra) | Tribals under Alluri Sitaram Raju – guerrilla war |
| Assam plantations | Workers left (Inland Emigration Act 1859 restricted movement) |
Called off after Chauri Chaura (Feb 1922) violence.
3. Towards Civil Disobedience
- Swaraj Party (C.R. Das, Motilal Nehru) – council elections
- Simon Commission 1928: no Indian member → "Go back Simon"
- Lahore Congress Dec 1929 (Nehru): Purna Swaraj; 26 Jan 1930 Independence Day
- Gandhi's 11 demands; Salt March Sabarmati → Dandi, 12 Mar – 6 Apr 1930
4. Civil Disobedience (1930–34)
- Break salt law, boycott foreign cloth, refuse taxes, forest law violations
- Gandhi–Irwin Pact (5 Mar 1931) → Second Round Table Conference, London – failed
- Rich peasants (Patidars, Jats), poor peasants (rent), business (FICCI, Purshottamdas Thakurdas, G.D. Birla), industrial workers (Nagpur), women
- Limited Dalit participation – Dr B.R. Ambedkar, Depressed Classes Association (1930); separate electorates → Poona Pact, Sept 1932 (reserved seats)
- Muslim alienation – Muhammad Iqbal 1930 (separate electorates)
5. Sense of Collective Belonging
Bharat Mata
Bankim Chandra's Vande Mataram (Anandamath); painting by Abanindranath Tagore
Folklore
Rabindranath Tagore, Natesa Sastri (Folklore of Southern India)
Flag
Swadeshi flag (1905, Bengal) – 8 lotuses, crescent; Gandhi's tricolour 1921 with spinning wheel
History
Reinterpreting India's past glory
6. Key Points to Remember
- 1917–18: Champaran, Kheda, Ahmedabad satyagrahas.
- 1919: Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh.
- 1920: Non-Cooperation begins (Nagpur).
- 1922: Chauri Chaura – NCM withdrawn.
- 1930: Dandi March starts Civil Disobedience.
- 1932: Poona Pact (Gandhi–Ambedkar).
Remember: 1915 · 1917 · 1919 · 1920 · 1922 · 1928 · 1929 · 1930 · 1931 · 1932
History: Nationalism in India: questions and notes
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