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Cheat sheet · Class 12 · CBSE · Science Physics

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter cheat sheet

The whole chapter on one page: key formulas, facts and the points to remember, for quick revision before a test.

CBSE Class 12 · Physics

Cheat sheet

Chapter 11Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Light as particle (photoelectric effect); matter as wave (de Broglie).

1. Photoelectric Effect

Kmax=hν−ϕ0K_{max} = h\nu - \phi_0eV0=hν−hν0eV_0 = h\nu - h\nu_0
  • No emission below threshold frequency.
  • Stopping potential depends on frequency, not intensity.
  • Photocurrent ∝ intensity.
  • Instantaneous.

2. Photon

E=hν=hcλE = h\nu = \dfrac{hc}{\lambda}p=hλp = \dfrac h\lambda

hc≈1240hc \approx 1240 eV nm.

3. Matter Waves

λ=hmv=h2mK\lambda = \dfrac{h}{mv} = \dfrac{h}{\sqrt{2mK}}
λ=1.227V\lambda = \dfrac{1.227}{\sqrt V} nm (electron)

Davisson–Germer experiment confirmed electron waves.

4. Key Points

  • Work function in eV.
  • Slope of V₀ vs ν graph = h/e.
  • Heavier particle, shorter λ.
  • Einstein's equation explains the effect.

Remember: Einstein equation | V₀ vs ν | λ = h/p

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