Non-communicable Diseases

Topics in this chapter

• NCD Epidemiology and Risk Factors
• Primordial and Primary Prevention
• NCD Screening and Early Detection
• Cardiovascular and Metabolic NCDs
• Tobacco Control and Health Promotion
• NPCDCS and NCD Policy
• WHO Best Buys and Targets

Practice questions

1. Question 1Q-761D8F

   A 45-year-old male is screened for cardiovascular risk using the WHO/ISH risk prediction charts. Which of the following is NOT required to use these charts in a primary care setting?

   1. A.Age and Sex
   2. B.Smoking status
   3. C.Serum total cholesterol
   4. D.Fastings blood glucose
   See the answer and solution
2. Question 2Q-EB7B3D

   According to the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) in India, opportunistic screening for common NCDs (hypertension, diabetes, and common cancers) is recommended at which of the following health facility levels?

   1. A.Sub-centre level only
   2. B.Community Health Centre (CHC) and District Hospital level only
   3. C.Primary Health Centre (PHC), CHC, and District Hospital level (Health and Wellness Centres)
   4. D.Medical College hospitals only
   See the answer and solution
3. Question 3Q-DDD640

   Which of the following interventions represents 'Primordial prevention' for coronary artery disease?

   1. A.Dietary modification in a patient with diagnosed hypertension
   2. B.Promoting healthy eating and regular physical activity among school children
   3. C.Screening adults for elevated serum cholesterol
   4. D.Cardiac rehabilitation following a myocardial infarction
   See the answer and solution
4. Question 4Q-E05EC8

   A public health researcher is calculating the proportion of lung cancer cases in a population that could be eliminated if smoking were completely eradicated. Which epidemiological measure should be used?

   1. A.Attributable Risk (Risk Difference)
   2. B.Population Attributable Risk (PAR) or Population Attributable Fraction
   3. C.Relative Risk
   4. D.Odds Ratio
   See the answer and solution
5. Question 5Q-D6E2B6

   Which of the following is the most cost-effective population-based intervention (Best Buy) recommended by the WHO for the control of non-communicable diseases?

   1. A.Providing free coronary artery bypass surgery at tertiary care centers
   2. B.Increasing taxation on tobacco and alcohol products
   3. C.Mandatory MRI screening for brain tumors in all adults over 50
   4. D.Establishing specialized intensive care units for stroke in every district
   See the answer and solution