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Cheat sheet · NEET Preparation Chemistry

Biomolecules cheat sheet

The whole chapter on one page: key formulas, facts and the points to remember, for quick revision before a test.

NEET · Chemistry

Cheat sheet

Class 12 · Chapter 10Biomolecules

DNA: A–T, G–C; RNA: A–U, G–C.

1. Carbohydrates

  • Monosaccharides: glucose (aldohexose), fructose (ketohexose).
  • Disaccharides: sucrose (non-reducing), maltose, lactose (reducing).
  • Polysaccharides: starch (amylose + amylopectin), cellulose, glycogen.

2. Proteins

  • Amino acids: zwitterions; essential vs non-essential.
  • Peptide bond –CO–NH–.
  • Structure: primary → quaternary; denaturation destroys 2°/3°.

3. Vitamins

VitaminDeficiency
Anight blindness
B₁beriberi
B₁₂pernicious anaemia
Cscurvy
Drickets
Kpoor clotting

Fat-soluble: A, D, E, K; water-soluble: B, C.

4. Nucleic Acids

  • Nucleotide = base + pentose sugar + phosphate.
  • DNA: deoxyribose, double helix; RNA: ribose, single strand.
  • Bases: purines (A, G), pyrimidines (C, T, U).

5. Key Points

  • Glucose gives Tollens' and Fehling's tests.
  • Enzymes are biocatalysts (proteins).
  • Hormones: chemical messengers.
  • Invert sugar: hydrolysed sucrose.

Remember: Sugars | protein structure | vitamins | DNA vs RNA

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