Cheat sheet · Class 11 · CBSE · Commerce Economics

Statistics: Correlation cheat sheet

The whole chapter on one page: key formulas, facts and the points to remember, for quick revision before a test.

CBSE Class 11 · Economics

Cheat sheet

Chapter 6Statistics: Correlation

r lies between −1 and +1; r = 0 means no linear relation.

1. Types

  • Positive (both move together), negative (opposite).
  • Perfect, high, moderate, low, zero.

Scatter diagram shows the direction visually.

2. Karl Pearson's Coefficient

r=∑xy∑x2∑y2r = \dfrac{\sum xy}{\sqrt{\sum x^2}\sqrt{\sum y^2}} where x=X−Xˉx = X - \bar X, y=Y−Yˉy = Y - \bar Y

r is independent of change of origin and scale.

3. Spearman's Rank

rs=1−6∑D2n3−nr_s = 1 - \dfrac{6\sum D^2}{n^3 - n}

For ranks / qualitative data; tied ranks need correction.

4. Key Points

  • Correlation doesn't prove causation.
  • Pearson measures linear relation only.
  • r = ±1: perfect correlation.
  • Rank method for attributes like beauty.

Remember: Scatter | Pearson r | Spearman rank

Statistics: Correlation: questions and notes

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