Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Topics in this chapter

• Breathing Mechanics and Volumes
• Alveolar Gas Exchange and Diffusion
• Oxygen Transport and Dissociation
• Carbon Dioxide Transport
• Neural Regulation of Respiration
• Respiratory Disorders and Occupational Disease

Cheat sheet

Practice questions

1. Question 1Q-465C03

   Which of the following volumes cannot be measured directly using a standard clinical spirometer?

   1. A.Tidal Volume
   2. B.Residual Volume
   3. C.Inspiratory Reserve Volume
   4. D.Expiratory Reserve Volume
   See the answer and solution
2. Question 2Q-1189A9

   A high concentration of carbon dioxide and high temperature in the tissue capillaries will result in:

   1. A.Shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left
   2. B.Higher affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
   3. C.Shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right
   4. D.Lower dissociation of oxyhemoglobin
   See the answer and solution
3. Question 3Q-E5F2F2

   The primary respiratory rhythm center is situated in which part of the human brain?

   1. A.Pons varolii
   2. B.Medulla oblongata
   3. C.Cerebellum
   4. D.Hypothalamus
   See the answer and solution
4. Question 4Q-A7DF64

   Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is equal to:

   1. A.VC + RV
   2. B.IC + ERV
   3. C.EC + IRV
   4. D.All of the above
   See the answer and solution
5. Question 5Q-665524

   Partial pressure of oxygen ($P_{O_2}$) and carbon dioxide ($P_{CO_2}$) in systemic arteries (oxygenated blood) are respectively:

   1. A.40 mm Hg and 45 mm Hg
   2. B.95 mm Hg and 40 mm Hg
   3. C.104 mm Hg and 40 mm Hg
   4. D.159 mm Hg and 0.3 mm Hg
   See the answer and solution