Cheat sheet · Class 12 · CBSE · Commerce Economics
Indian Economic Development: Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence cheat sheet
The whole chapter on one page: key formulas, facts and the points to remember, for quick revision before a test.
CBSE Class 12 · Economics
Cheat sheet
Chapter 7Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence
Colonial rule left: stagnant agriculture, de-industrialisation, poor infrastructure.
1. State in 1947
| Sector | Condition |
|---|---|
| Agriculture | ~85% of people; zamindari, low productivity, commercialisation |
| Industry | decline of handicrafts; few modern industries (cotton, jute, TISCO 1907) |
| Foreign trade | raw materials out, finished goods in; export surplus drained |
| Infrastructure | railways, ports, posts — built for colonial needs |
| Demography | high birth & death rates, low literacy (~16%), life expectancy ~32 |
2. Key Points
- 1921: ‘year of great divide’ in population.
- Suez Canal (1869) boosted trade.
- Drain of wealth through administration costs.
- Occupational structure: agriculture-heavy.
Remember: Agriculture | de-industrialisation | trade | demography
Indian Economic Development: Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence: questions and notes
More Class 12 · CBSE · Commerce Economics cheat sheets
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