Haemodynamic Disorders

Topics in this chapter

• Thrombosis and Hemostasis
• Embolism Types and Effects
• Congestion and Organ Changes
• Shock Mechanisms and Types
• Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Practice questions

1. Question 1Q-E1FF99

   A 55-year-old male with a history of deep vein thrombosis presents with sudden onset shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. A saddle embolus is found at autopsy. Which of the following is the most common and classic hemodynamic consequence of a massive pulmonary embolism?

   1. A.Left ventricular hypertrophy
   2. B.Acute cor pulmonale
   3. C.Systemic hypotension due to left ventricular failure
   4. D.Decreased central venous pressure
   See the answer and solution
2. Question 2Q-C7786B

   A 62-year-old female undergoes prolonged surgery and develops microvascular thrombosis in multiple organs, accompanied by severe bleeding from venipuncture sites. Laboratory tests reveal prolonged PT and PTT, low fibrinogen, and elevated D-dimer. Which pathological process best explains these findings?

   1. A.Primary fibrinolysis
   2. B.Disseminated intravascular coagulation
   3. C.Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
   4. D.Hemophilia A
   See the answer and solution
3. Question 3Q-BCCA7A

   Which of the following lines of Zahn are a characteristic morphological hallmark found in which type of vascular lesion?

   1. A.Postmortem clots
   2. B.Antemortem thrombi
   3. C.Fat emboli
   4. D.Atheromatous plaques
   See the answer and solution
4. Question 4Q-5EDC73

   A 45-year-old male is rescued from a burning building with extensive cutaneous burns. Over the next several hours, he develops profound hypotension, tachycardia, and cold, clammy extremities. Urine output drops drastically. Which type of shock is primarily responsible for his presentation?

   1. A.Cardiogenic shock
   2. B.Neurogenic shock
   3. C.Hypovolemic shock
   4. D.Septic shock
   See the answer and solution
5. Question 5Q-779DB7

   During a routine autopsy of an elderly patient who died following a long bone fracture, microscopic examination of the lung vessels using fat stains (like Oil Red O) is most likely to reveal which of the following?

   1. A.Atheromatous cholesterol clefts
   2. B.Neutral fat globules and bone marrow hematopoietic cells
   3. C.Calcified thrombi
   4. D.Aggregated platelets and fibrin strands
   See the answer and solution