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Cheat sheet · JEE Preparation Physics

Thermal Properties of Matter cheat sheet

The whole chapter on one page: key formulas, facts and the points to remember, for quick revision before a test.

JEE · Physics

Cheat sheet

Class 11 · Chapter 10Thermal Properties of Matter

Conduction, convection, radiation — three ways heat travels.

1. Temperature Scales

C100=F−32180=K−273.15100\dfrac{C}{100} = \dfrac{F - 32}{180} = \dfrac{K - 273.15}{100}

Ideal gas thermometer: PV = μRT; absolute zero = −273.15 °C.

2. Thermal Expansion

ΔL=αLΔT\Delta L = \alpha L\Delta TΔV=γVΔT\Delta V = \gamma V\Delta T
α:β:γ=1:2:3\alpha : \beta : \gamma = 1 : 2 : 3

Water contracts from 0 °C to 4 °C (anomalous expansion) — densest at 4 °C.

3. Heat Capacity

Q=mcΔTQ = mc\Delta TQ=mLQ = mL
  • Water has a high specific heat (4186 J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹).
  • Cp−Cv=RC_p - C_v = R for an ideal gas.
  • Latent heat: fusion 3.33 × 10⁵ J/kg; vaporisation 22.6 × 10⁵ J/kg (water).

4. Heat Transfer

H=KAT1−T2LH = KA\dfrac{T_1 - T_2}{L}
E=σεAT4E = \sigma\varepsilon A T^4 (Stefan)λmT=b\lambda_m T = b (Wien)

Newton's law of cooling: dTdt=−k(T−Ts)\dfrac{dT}{dt} = -k(T - T_s) — rate of cooling ∝ temperature difference.

5. Key Points

  • Calorimetry: heat lost = heat gained.
  • Black body absorbs all radiation.
  • Wien's constant b ≈ 2.9 × 10⁻³ m K.
  • Melting point falls with pressure for ice (regelation).

Remember: Q = mcΔT | Q = mL | α:β:γ | Stefan, Wien, Newton cooling

Thermal Properties of Matter: questions and notes

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