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Semiconductor Electronics cheat sheet
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NEET · Physics
Cheat sheet
Class 12 · Chapter 14Semiconductor Electronics
n-type: pentavalent donor; p-type: trivalent acceptor.
1. Semiconductors
- Intrinsic: nₑ = nₕ.
- n-type: doped with P, As (electrons majority).
- p-type: doped with B, Al (holes majority).
- Band gap: Si ≈ 1.1 eV, Ge ≈ 0.7 eV.
2. p–n Junction
- Depletion layer and barrier potential form at the junction.
- Forward bias: barrier lowers, current flows.
- Reverse bias: tiny current, until breakdown.
3. Rectifiers
| Rectifier | Diodes | Output frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Half-wave | 1 | same as input (50 Hz) |
| Full-wave (centre tap) | 2 | double (100 Hz) |
Filter capacitors smooth the output.
4. Key Points
- Conductors: overlapping bands.
- Insulators: gap > 3 eV.
- Doping increases conductivity.
- Diode is non-ohmic.
Remember: n vs p type | biasing | half vs full-wave
Semiconductor Electronics: questions and notes
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