Human Health and Disease

Topics in this chapter

• Human Immune Responses
• Infectious Diseases and Transmission
• Malaria and Vector Biology
• Cancer and Cell Growth
• Allergy and Autoimmune Disorders
• Substance Abuse and Dependence

Cheat sheet

Practice questions

1. Question 1Q-1D7882

   A newborn receives immediate but temporary protection against several infections through colostrum. This protection is best described as:

   1. A.Naturally acquired passive immunity
   2. B.Naturally acquired active immunity
   3. C.Artificially acquired active immunity
   4. D.Artificially acquired passive immunity
   See the answer and solution
2. Question 2Q-083578

   Which stage of Plasmodium is injected into a human by the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito?

   1. A.Merozoite
   2. B.Sporozoite
   3. C.Gametocyte
   4. D.Ookinete
   See the answer and solution
3. Question 3Q-7E8BEB

   Which change most directly contributes to the progressive immune deficiency observed in a person infected with HIV?

   1. A.Destruction of helper T lymphocytes
   2. B.Increased production of red blood cells
   3. C.Excessive secretion of digestive enzymes
   4. D.Permanent activation of skeletal muscles
   See the answer and solution
4. Question 4Q-1B95E5

   Which molecular change can directly convert a normal proto-oncogene into an oncogene and promote uncontrolled cell proliferation?

   1. A.A mutation that causes constitutive activation of the proto-oncogene
   2. B.Temporary reduction in the rate of DNA replication during normal cell division
   3. C.Increased production of antibodies against extracellular pathogens
   4. D.Complete stoppage of protein synthesis in all normal cells
   See the answer and solution
5. Question 5Q-654765

   Which statement correctly describes an innate immune defense in humans?

   1. A.Antibodies produced by plasma cells specifically neutralise a particular pathogen.
   2. B.Interferons released by virus-infected cells help protect neighbouring cells from viral infection.
   3. C.Memory B cells form a physical barrier against pathogens.
   4. D.Vaccination provides protection through pre-existing immune memory only.
   See the answer and solution