Neonatology · NEET PG Preparation Paediatrics
A 32-week preterm male neonate delivered via emergent lower segment caesarean section for fetal distress develops severe respiratory distress within…
Practice question from Neonatology (NEET PG Preparation Paediatrics), with the correct answer and a step-by-step solution.
easy · MCQ · Q-621AA2
A 32-week preterm male neonate delivered via emergent lower segment caesarean section for fetal distress develops severe respiratory distress within 30 minutes of birth. Chest radiography reveals a generalized reticulogranular pattern with air bronchograms. Which of the following is the primary pathophysiological defect responsible for this condition?
- A.Deficiency of pulmonary surfactant leading to increased alveolar surface tensionCorrect answer
- B.Inability to clear fetal lung fluid due to impaired epithelial sodium channels
- C.Aspiration of meconium-stained amniotic fluid causing airway obstruction
- D.Pulmonary hypoplasia secondary to prolonged oligohydramnios
Solution
The clinical presentation and chest X-ray findings of a preterm infant with a reticulogranular pattern and air bronchograms are classic for Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), also known as hyaline membrane disease. RDS is caused by a deficiency of pulmonary surfactant synthesized by type II alveolar epithelial cells, leading to high surface tension, alveolar collapse, and low lung compliance.
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