Cheat sheet · Class 12 · CBSE · Science Chemistry
Biomolecules cheat sheet
The whole chapter on one page: key formulas, facts and the points to remember, for quick revision before a test.
CBSE Class 12 · Chemistry
Cheat sheet
Chapter 10Biomolecules
DNA: A–T, G–C; RNA: A–U, G–C.
1. Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides: glucose (aldohexose), fructose (ketohexose).
- Disaccharides: sucrose (non-reducing), maltose, lactose (reducing).
- Polysaccharides: starch (amylose + amylopectin), cellulose, glycogen.
2. Proteins
- Amino acids: zwitterions; essential vs non-essential.
- Peptide bond –CO–NH–.
- Structure: primary → quaternary; denaturation destroys 2°/3°.
3. Vitamins
| Vitamin | Deficiency |
|---|---|
| A | night blindness |
| B₁ | beriberi |
| B₁₂ | pernicious anaemia |
| C | scurvy |
| D | rickets |
| K | poor clotting |
Fat-soluble: A, D, E, K; water-soluble: B, C.
4. Nucleic Acids
- Nucleotide = base + pentose sugar + phosphate.
- DNA: deoxyribose, double helix; RNA: ribose, single strand.
- Bases: purines (A, G), pyrimidines (C, T, U).
5. Key Points
- Glucose gives Tollens' and Fehling's tests.
- Enzymes are biocatalysts (proteins).
- Hormones: chemical messengers.
- Invert sugar: hydrolysed sucrose.
Remember: Sugars | protein structure | vitamins | DNA vs RNA
Biomolecules: questions and notes
More Class 12 · CBSE · Science Chemistry cheat sheets
Practise Biomolecules
Sign up free to practise the full chapter. Questions you get wrong come back until you've mastered them.
Start practising freeFree to start · No credit card needed