Cheat sheet · Class 12 · CBSE · Science Chemistry
d -and f -Block Elements cheat sheet
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CBSE Class 12 · Chemistry
Cheat sheet
Chapter 4The d- and f-Block Elements
Transition metals: variable oxidation states, coloured ions, catalysts, complexes.
1. Properties of d-Block
- Configuration (n−1)d¹⁻¹⁰ ns¹⁻².
- Variable oxidation states (Mn shows +2 to +7).
- Coloured ions due to d–d transitions; paramagnetic from unpaired electrons.
- Catalysts (Fe in Haber, V₂O₅ in Contact).
- Form interstitial compounds and alloys.
BM
2. Important Compounds
K₂Cr₂O₇
orange; oxidising agent in acid; chromate ⇌ dichromate with pH.
KMnO₄
purple; strong oxidant; Mn⁷⁺ → Mn²⁺ (acid), MnO₂ (neutral).
3. Lanthanoids
- 4f series; common +3 state.
- Lanthanoid contraction: steady decrease in size; makes Zr and Hf similar.
4. Actinoids
- 5f series; radioactive.
- Show more oxidation states than lanthanoids.
- Actinoid contraction is greater.
5. Key Points
- Zn, Cd, Hg are not typical transition elements.
- Cu⁺ is colourless (d¹⁰).
- High melting points due to metallic bonding.
- Mischmetall: lanthanoid alloy.
Remember: d-block properties | K₂Cr₂O₇ & KMnO₄ | lanthanoid contraction
d -and f -Block Elements: questions and notes
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