General Anatomy & Embryology

Topics in this chapter

• Anatomical Foundations and Histology
• Bones, Cartilage, and Joints
• Cardiovascular Anatomy and Development
• Early Embryonic Development
• Head, Neck, and Pharyngeal Development
• Gastrointestinal Development
• Genitourinary Development and Sex Differentiation

Practice questions

1. Question 1Q-00B0DE

   A 2-day-old newborn is evaluated for congenital anomalies. Echocardiography reveals a persistent truncus arteriosus. This cardiac defect arises primarily due to the abnormal development or failure of which of the following cell populations?

   1. A.Paraxial mesoderm
   2. B.Neural crest cells
   3. C.Splanchnic mesoderm
   4. D.Endocardial cushion cells
   See the answer and solution
2. Question 2Q-DCB21F

   During the third week of human embryonic development, gastrulation occurs, establishing the three primary germ layers. Which of the following structures is derived exclusively from the embryonic endoderm?

   1. A.Spleen
   2. B.Adrenal cortex
   3. C.Epithelial lining of the urinary bladder
   4. D.Dura mater
   See the answer and solution
3. Question 3Q-1D75A7

   A 5-year-old child presents with a midline neck swelling that moves upward upon swallowing and protrusion of the tongue. This congenital anomaly is most specifically related to an anomaly of development of which of the following?

   1. A.Pharyngeal pouch I
   2. B.Thyroglossal duct
   3. C.Cervical sinus of His
   4. D.Bulbus cordis
   See the answer and solution
4. Question 4Q-F1C17D

   Which of the following types of cartilage lacks a perichondrium, making its repair and regeneration exceptionally poor following injury?

   1. A.Hyaline cartilage of the costal cartilages
   2. B.Articular cartilage
   3. C.Elastic cartilage of the external ear
   4. D.Costal hyaline cartilage
   See the answer and solution
5. Question 5Q-7869C9

   During the formation of the gastrointestinal tract, the midgut undergoes a complex physiological herniation and rotation. What is the total degree and direction of physiological rotation of the midgut loop around the superior mesenteric artery axis during development?

   1. A.90 degrees counterclockwise
   2. B.180 degrees counterclockwise
   3. C.270 degrees counterclockwise
   4. D.360 degrees clockwise
   See the answer and solution