Inhalational & Intravenous Anaesthetics

Topics in this chapter

• Inhalational Agents and MAC
• Intravenous Anaesthetic Agents
• Anaesthetic Pharmacokinetics and Recovery
• Cardiovascular and Neuroanaesthesia
• Anaesthetic Complications and Toxicity

Practice questions

1. Question 1Q-7DE338

   A 35-year-old male is induced with propofol for an elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Immediately following the induction dose, he experiences a sudden drop in blood pressure from 120/80 mmHg to 85/50 mmHg with no significant change in heart rate. Which of the following is the primary mechanism responsible for this hemodynamic response?

   1. A.Direct beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonism
   2. B.Inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity and direct vasodilation
   3. C.Severe histamine release leading to acute vasodilation
   4. D.Profound vagal stimulation causing reflex bradycardia and hypotension
   See the answer and solution
2. Question 2Q-2426A8

   During maintenance of general anesthesia with an inhalational agent, an anesthesiologist notes that the agent has a blood/gas partition coefficient of 0.42 and a minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of 2%. Which of the following inhalational agents does this profile best describe?

   1. A.Halothane
   2. B.Isoflurane
   3. C.Desflurane
   4. D.Sevoflurane
   See the answer and solution
3. Question 3Q-BE4CA3

   A 45-year-old female is scheduled for a diagnostic curettage. The anesthesiologist chooses an intravenous induction agent that is known to increase cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and intracranial pressure (ICP), while also possessing amnestic, analgesic, and sympathomimetic properties. Which agent is this?

   1. A.Propofol
   2. B.Thiopental
   3. C.Ketamine
   4. D.Etomidate
   See the answer and solution
4. Question 4Q-EB8242

   An elderly patient with severe aortic stenosis and ischemic heart disease is brought to the operating room for an emergency laparotomy. To maintain hemodynamic stability and avoid profound myocardial depression or systemic vasodilation during induction, which of the following intravenous induction agents is the most appropriate choice?

   1. A.Propofol
   2. B.Thiopental
   3. C.Etomidate
   4. D.Sevoflurane
   See the answer and solution
5. Question 5Q-BCD1F7

   A patient under general anesthesia maintained with sevoflurane and nitrous oxide suddenly develops an unexplained rise in end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2), tachycardia, masseter muscle rigidity, and rapidly rising core body temperature. The most specific life-saving pharmacotherapy to administer immediately is:

   1. A.Dantrolene
   2. B.Sugammadex
   3. C.Flumazenil
   4. D.Naloxone
   See the answer and solution