Haematology

Topics in this chapter

• Red Cell Disorders and Anemias
• Hemolytic Anemias
• Bleeding and Platelet Disorders
• Acute and Chronic Leukemias
• Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
• Plasma Cell Dyscrasias
• Hematologic Morphology and Molecular Pathology

Practice questions

1. Question 1Q-6CAD2C

   A 24-year-old female presents with fatigue and jaundice. Peripheral blood smear reveals spherocytes and polychromasia. Osmotic fragility is increased, and the direct Coombs test (DAT) is negative. Which of the following is the most likely underlying molecular defect?

   1. A.Mutation in the HBB gene
   2. B.Deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
   3. C.Deficiency or abnormality of spectrin or ankyrin
   4. D.Mutation in the PIGA gene
   See the answer and solution
2. Question 2Q-B4269A

   A 4-year-old boy is brought with recurrent hemarthrosis and deep muscle hematomas. Laboratory investigations reveal a prolonged aPTT with a normal PT and normal bleeding time. Mixing studies correct the prolonged aPTT. Factor VIII assay is severely reduced, while Factor IX is normal. What is the inheritance pattern of this disorder?

   1. A.Autosomal dominant
   2. B.Autosomal recessive
   3. C.X-linked recessive
   4. D.Mitochondrial
   See the answer and solution
3. Question 3Q-5589FA

   A 65-year-old man presents with generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. Complete blood count shows a total leukocyte count of 95,000/uL with 85% mature-appearing lymphocytes. Peripheral smear shows numerous 'smudge cells'. Flow cytometry reveals clonal B cells expressing CD19, CD20, CD23, and weak surface immunoglobulin, along with low-intensity CD5. What is the diagnosis?

   1. A.Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
   2. B.Hairy cell leukemia
   3. C.Mantle cell lymphoma
   4. D.Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
   See the answer and solution
4. Question 4Q-906DD5

   A 50-year-old male presents with fatigue, splenomegaly, and night sweats. Complete blood count shows leukocytosis with a full spectrum of myeloid cells in the peripheral blood, including myelocytes, metamyelocytes, bands, and segmented neutrophils, along with basophilia. Bone marrow is hypercellular. Cytogenetic analysis reveals a translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11). Which of the following enzymes is constitutively activated by this genetic lesion?

   1. A.Tyrosine kinase
   2. B.Serine/threonine kinase
   3. C.DNA polymerase
   4. D.Histone deacetylase
   See the answer and solution
5. Question 5Q-5D5DB9

   A bone marrow aspirate from a 60-year-old patient with pancytopenia shows 35% myeloblasts containing distinct red-purple, needle-like cytoplasmic inclusions. Cytochemical staining shows these inclusions and the surrounding cytoplasm are strongly positive for myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Sudan Black B. Which of the following are these inclusions called?

   1. A.Dohle bodies
   2. B.Auer rods
   3. C.Russell bodies
   4. D.Heinz bodies
   See the answer and solution