Cardiovascular & Renal Drugs

Topics in this chapter

• Hypertension and Vasodilator Therapy
• Diuretics and Renal Electrolyte Handling
• Heart Failure Pharmacotherapy
• Antiarrhythmic Drug Classification
• Cardiovascular Drug Adverse Effects

Practice questions

1. Question 1Q-4E13DC

   A 58-year-old man with chronic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction is initiated on sacubitril-valsartan. Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of sacubitril?

   1. A.Direct renin inhibition
   2. B.Neprilysin inhibition
   3. C.Aldosterone receptor antagonism
   4. D.Angiotensin receptor blockade
   See the answer and solution
2. Question 2Q-3E098E

   Which of the following diuretics acts primarily by inhibiting the Na+-K+-2Cl- symporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle and is most commonly associated with ototoxicity?

   1. A.Hydrochlorothiazide
   2. B.Spironolactone
   3. C.Furosemide
   4. D.Acetazolamide
   See the answer and solution
3. Question 3Q-063BAA

   A 65-year-old man with severe hypertension and bilateral renal artery stenosis is prescribed an ACE inhibitor. Within a few days, his serum creatinine significantly increases. What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism responsible for this finding?

   1. A.Constriction of the afferent glomerular arteriole
   2. B.Dilatation of the efferent glomerular arteriole
   3. C.Direct tubular necrosis induced by bradykinin accumulation
   4. D.Thrombosis of the renal microvasculature
   See the answer and solution
4. Question 4Q-891D82

   Which of the following antiarrhythmic drugs is classified as a Class III agent according to the Vaughan Williams classification and works primarily by blocking potassium channels, leading to prolongation of the action potential duration?

   1. A.Lidocaine
   2. B.Verapamil
   3. C.Amiodarone
   4. D.Flecainide
   See the answer and solution
5. Question 5Q-CBE1FD

   A patient with refractory edema secondary to congestive heart failure is given a diuretic that acts on the collecting tubules by directly inhibiting epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) independent of aldosterone. Which drug fits this description?

   1. A.Spironolactone
   2. B.Eplerenone
   3. C.Amiloride
   4. D.Mannitol
   See the answer and solution