Cheat sheet · NEET Preparation Zoology
Body Fluids and Circulation cheat sheet
The whole chapter on one page: key formulas, facts and the points to remember, for quick revision before a test.
NEET · Zoology
Cheat sheet
Class 11 · Chapter 15Body Fluids and Circulation
Heartbeat path: SA node → AV node → bundle of His → Purkinje fibres.
1. Blood
- Plasma 55% (fibrinogen, globulins, albumin).
- RBC (no nucleus, 120 days), WBC (neutrophils most), platelets (clotting).
- ABO groups; Rh factor — erythroblastosis foetalis.
| Group | Antigen | Antibody |
|---|---|---|
| A | A | anti-B |
| B | B | anti-A |
| AB (universal recipient) | A, B | none |
| O (universal donor) | none | anti-A, anti-B |
2. Heart
- Human heart: 4 chambers, double circulation.
- SA node: pacemaker (70–75 beats/min).
- Cardiac cycle 0.8 s; stroke volume ~70 mL.
- Cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate ≈ 5 L/min.
3. ECG
| Wave | Shows |
|---|---|
| P | atrial depolarisation |
| QRS | ventricular depolarisation |
| T | ventricular repolarisation |
4. Disorders
- Hypertension: ≥ 140/90 mm Hg.
- Coronary artery disease (atherosclerosis).
- Angina; heart failure.
5. Key Points
- Lymph: no RBC.
- Hepatic portal vein: intestine → liver.
- Lub = AV valves close; dub = semilunar valves close.
- Clotting: thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin.
Remember: Blood groups | conduction system | ECG waves
Body Fluids and Circulation: questions and notes
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