KTUYSBeta
Log inSign up

Cheat sheet · NEET Preparation Zoology

Evolution cheat sheet

The whole chapter on one page: key formulas, facts and the points to remember, for quick revision before a test.

NEET · Zoology

Cheat sheet

Class 12 · Chapter 6Evolution

Darwin: variation + natural selection + survival of the fittest.

1. Origin of Life

  • Big Bang → Earth ~4.5 billion years ago.
  • Oparin–Haldane: chemical evolution.
  • Miller–Urey: amino acids from CH₄, NH₃, H₂, water vapour with sparks.

2. Evidence

  • Palaeontology (fossils).
  • Homologous organs (divergent): forelimbs of whale, bat, human.
  • Analogous organs (convergent): wings of bird and insect.
  • Industrial melanism (peppered moth).

3. Theories

Lamarck

use and disuse; inheritance of acquired characters.

Darwin

natural selection; branching descent.

de Vries

mutations cause speciation (saltation).

Hardy–Weinberg: p² + 2pq + q² = 1; disturbed by gene flow, drift, mutation, recombination, selection.

4. Human Evolution

  • Dryopithecus, Ramapithecus → Australopithecus → Homo habilis → H. erectus → Neanderthals → H. sapiens.
  • Brain size increased over time.

5. Key Points

  • Adaptive radiation: Darwin's finches, Australian marsupials.
  • Founder effect is a kind of genetic drift.
  • Selection: stabilising, directional, disruptive.
  • Coelacanth: a ‘living fossil’.

Remember: Miller–Urey | homologous vs analogous | Darwin | Hardy–Weinberg

Evolution: questions and notes

More NEET Preparation Zoology cheat sheets

Practise Evolution

Sign up free to practise the full chapter. Questions you get wrong come back until you've mastered them.

Start practising free

Free to start · No credit card needed