Cheat sheet · Class 12 · CBSE · Science Biology
Biotechnology and its Applications cheat sheet
The whole chapter on one page: key formulas, facts and the points to remember, for quick revision before a test.
CBSE Class 12 · Biology
Cheat sheet
Chapter 10Biotechnology and its Applications
Bt cotton, RNAi tobacco, insulin, ADA gene therapy — biotech's highlights.
1. Agriculture
- Bt cotton: cry genes (cryIAc, cryIIAb) make Bt toxin against bollworms.
- RNA interference: protects tobacco from nematode Meloidogyne.
- GM crops: pest resistance, less chemical use.
2. Medicine
- Human insulin (Eli Lilly, 1983): A and B chains made separately and joined.
- Gene therapy: ADA deficiency (first in 1990).
- Molecular diagnosis: PCR, ELISA, probes.
3. Transgenic Animals & Ethics
- Rosie the cow: human α-lactalbumin-rich milk.
- Used for testing vaccines and chemical safety.
- GEAC regulates GM research in India.
- Biopiracy concerns (basmati, turmeric patents).
4. Key Points
- Bt toxin is activated in the insect gut (alkaline).
- Golden rice: vitamin A.
- Pro-insulin has an extra C-peptide.
- Patents protect biotech inventions.
Remember: Bt cotton | RNAi | insulin | gene therapy | GEAC
Biotechnology and its Applications: questions and notes
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