Cheat sheet · Class 12 · CBSE · Science Biology
Microbes in Human Welfare cheat sheet
The whole chapter on one page: key formulas, facts and the points to remember, for quick revision before a test.
CBSE Class 12 · Biology
Cheat sheet
Chapter 5Microbes in Human Welfare
Microbes make curd, bread, antibiotics, biogas and biofertilisers.
1. Uses
| Use | Microbe / product |
|---|---|
| Curd | Lactobacillus (LAB) |
| Bread, beverages | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| Swiss cheese holes | Propionibacterium shermanii |
| Penicillin | Penicillium notatum (Fleming) |
| Citric acid | Aspergillus niger |
| Statins | Monascus purpureus |
| Cyclosporin A | Trichoderma polysporum (immunosuppressant) |
| Streptokinase | Streptococcus (clot buster) |
2. Sewage Treatment
- Primary: physical removal (sedimentation).
- Secondary: aerobic microbes form flocs; activated sludge; anaerobic digestion gives biogas.
- BOD measures organic matter.
3. Biogas & Biocontrol
- Methanogens (Methanobacterium) in cattle dung → biogas.
- Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) kills insects; Trichoderma controls fungi; baculoviruses.
4. Biofertilisers
- Rhizobium (root nodules)
- Azotobacter
- Azospirillum
- Glomus (mycorrhiza)
- cyanobacteria (Anabaena, Nostoc)
5. Key Points
- Higher BOD ⇒ more polluted water.
- KVIC developed biogas plants.
- Lipases used in detergents.
- Ganga Action Plan for sewage.
Remember: Microbe–product table | sewage stages | biocontrol & biofertilisers
Microbes in Human Welfare: questions and notes
More Class 12 · CBSE · Science Biology cheat sheets
- Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
- Human Reproduction
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Microbes in Human Welfare
- Evolution
- Human Health and Disease
- Reproductive Health
- Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
- Biotechnology and its Applications
- Organisms and Populations
- Ecosystem
- Biodiversity and Conservation
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