Cheat sheet · Class 12 · CBSE · Science Biology
Human Health and Disease cheat sheet
The whole chapter on one page: key formulas, facts and the points to remember, for quick revision before a test.
CBSE Class 12 · Biology
Cheat sheet
Chapter 7Human Health and Disease
Innate immunity at birth; acquired immunity has memory.
1. Common Diseases
| Disease | Pathogen | Spread / note |
|---|---|---|
| Typhoid | Salmonella typhi | Widal test |
| Pneumonia | Streptococcus, Haemophilus | droplets |
| Common cold | rhinovirus | droplets |
| Malaria | Plasmodium | female Anopheles; haemozoin → chills |
| Amoebiasis | Entamoeba histolytica | houseflies, food |
| Ascariasis | Ascaris | contaminated water |
| Filariasis (elephantiasis) | Wuchereria | Culex mosquito |
| Ringworm | Microsporum, Trichophyton | fungi |
2. Immunity
- Innate barriers: physical, physiological, cellular, cytokine.
- Acquired: humoral (B cells, antibodies) and cell-mediated (T cells).
- Active (vaccines) vs passive (ready antibodies).
- Antibody: H₂L₂; IgA, IgM, IgE, IgG.
3. AIDS & Cancer
- HIV (retrovirus) infects helper T cells; ELISA test.
- Cancer: loss of contact inhibition; oncogenes; detected by biopsy, MRI, CT.
- Treatment: surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy (α-interferon).
4. Drugs & Alcohol
- Opioids (heroin), cannabinoids, cocaine.
- Effects: addiction, liver cirrhosis, withdrawal.
- Prevention: avoid peer pressure, education, counselling.
5. Key Points
- Allergy: IgE, histamine release.
- Autoimmunity: rheumatoid arthritis.
- Primary lymphoid organs: bone marrow, thymus.
- Vaccines create memory cells.
Remember: Disease table | innate vs acquired | AIDS, cancer, drugs
Human Health and Disease: questions and notes
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