Cheat sheet · Class 12 · CBSE · Science Biology
Human Reproduction cheat sheet
The whole chapter on one page: key formulas, facts and the points to remember, for quick revision before a test.
CBSE Class 12 · Biology
Cheat sheet
Chapter 2Human Reproduction
Menstrual cycle: Menstrual → Follicular → Ovulation (day 14) → Luteal.
1. Male System
- Testes in scrotum (2–2.5 °C below body temperature).
- Seminiferous tubules: spermatogonia, Sertoli cells; Leydig cells make androgens.
- Duct path: rete testis → vasa efferentia → epididymis → vas deferens → ejaculatory duct → urethra.
2. Female System
- Ovaries, oviducts (infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus), uterus, cervix, vagina.
- Fertilisation in the ampullary region.
- Mammary glands: alveoli → lactiferous ducts.
3. Gametogenesis
| Feature | Spermatogenesis | Oogenesis |
|---|---|---|
| Starts | puberty | foetal life |
| Product per cell | 4 sperms | 1 ovum + polar bodies |
| Meiosis II completes | in testis | after sperm entry |
4. Menstrual Cycle (28 days)
| Phase | Days | Hormone |
|---|---|---|
| Menstrual | 1–5 | low progesterone |
| Follicular | 6–13 | FSH, oestrogen rise |
| Ovulation | 14 | LH surge |
| Luteal | 15–28 | progesterone (corpus luteum) |
5. Pregnancy
- Zygote → morula → blastocyst; implantation in endometrium.
- Placenta secretes hCG, hPL, oestrogen, progesterone, relaxin.
- Parturition: oxytocin (foetal ejection reflex).
- Colostrum: antibodies (IgA).
6. Key Points
- Gestation ~9 months.
- Acrosome helps sperm enter ovum.
- Inner cell mass forms the embryo.
- Menopause ~50 years.
Remember: Duct path | gametogenesis | cycle phases | placental hormones
Human Reproduction: questions and notes
More Class 12 · CBSE · Science Biology cheat sheets
- Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
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