KTUYSBeta
Log inSign up

Cheat sheet · NEET Preparation Botany

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants cheat sheet

The whole chapter on one page: key formulas, facts and the points to remember, for quick revision before a test.

NEET · Botany

Cheat sheet

Class 11 · Chapter 11Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Light reaction makes ATP + NADPH; Calvin cycle spends them to fix CO₂.

1. Overview

6CO₂ + 12H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6H₂O + 6O₂ (light, chlorophyll).

  • O₂ comes from water (Ruben, Kamen).
  • Grana: light reaction; stroma: dark reaction.

2. Light Reaction

  • PS II (P680) and PS I (P700); Z-scheme of electron flow.
  • Photolysis of water at PS II releases O₂.
  • Chemiosmosis: H⁺ gradient across thylakoid drives ATP synthase.
  • Cyclic photophosphorylation: only PS I, only ATP.

3. Calvin Cycle (C₃)

Carboxylation (RuBisCO: RuBP + CO₂ → 2 PGA) → reduction → regeneration of RuBP.

For one glucose: 6 turns, 18 ATP and 12 NADPH.

4. C₄ Pathway

  • Kranz anatomy (bundle sheath cells).
  • First product: oxaloacetic acid (4C), via PEP carboxylase in mesophyll.
  • No photorespiration; maize, sugarcane.

5. Photorespiration & Factors

  • RuBisCO binds O₂ → wasteful, no ATP/sugar (C₃ plants).
  • Blackman's law of limiting factors: light, CO₂, temperature, water.

6. Key Points

  • Chlorophyll a is the main pigment.
  • Absorption peaks: blue and red light.
  • RuBisCO is the most abundant enzyme.
  • C₄ plants tolerate higher temperatures.

Remember: Z-scheme | 18 ATP + 12 NADPH | C₃ vs C₄ | photorespiration

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants: questions and notes

More NEET Preparation Botany cheat sheets

Practise Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Sign up free to practise the full chapter. Questions you get wrong come back until you've mastered them.

Start practising free

Free to start · No credit card needed