Neurosurgery & Cardiothoracic Surgery · NEET PG Preparation Surgery

A 60-year-old man undergoes coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). On the third postoperative day, he develops sudden-onset severe shortness of brea…

Practice question from Neurosurgery & Cardiothoracic Surgery (NEET PG Preparation Surgery), with the correct answer and a step-by-step solution.

hard · MCQ · Q-C17B65

A 60-year-old man undergoes coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). On the third postoperative day, he develops sudden-onset severe shortness of breath, restlessness, and a drop in oxygen saturation. Examination reveals absent breath sounds and a dull percussion note over the left hemithorax, with tracheal deviation to the right. Which of the following is the most appropriate immediate intervention?

  1. A.Immediate endotracheal intubation
  2. B.Emergency needle decompression of the left chest
  3. C.Urgent tube thoracostomy (chest tube insertion)Correct answer
  4. D.Immediate administration of systemic thrombolytics

Solution

The clinical picture of respiratory distress, absent breath sounds, dullness to percussion (or hyperresonance if tension pneumothorax, but dullness points to massive effusion/hemothorax or complete lung collapse), and tracheal deviation suggests a significant intrathoracic collection or tension phenomenon post-operatively. However, deviation to the opposite side with absent breath sounds and dullness points to a massive hemothorax or pleural effusion requiring urgent tube thoracostomy (chest tube). Note: If tracheal deviation is away from the pathology with hyperresonance, it is a tension pneumothorax needing needle decompression; but absent breath sounds + dullness implies a fluid/blood collection or complete collapse requiring chest tube insertion.

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