Cheat sheet · Class 12 · CBSE · Commerce Business Studies
Controlling cheat sheet
The whole chapter on one page: key formulas, facts and the points to remember, for quick revision before a test.
CBSE Class 12 · Business Studies
Cheat sheet
Chapter 8Controlling
Planning is looking ahead; controlling is looking back.
1. Process
- Set standards → measure performance → compare → analyse deviations → corrective action.
2. Principles
Critical point control
focus on key result areas.
Management by exception
attend only to significant deviations.
3. Planning vs Controlling
They are inseparable twins: planning sets the standards, controlling checks them. Both are forward- and backward-looking.
4. Key Points
- Control is pervasive and continuous.
- Limitations: hard to set qualitative standards, costly.
- Helps accomplish goals and judge standards.
- Improves employee motivation and discipline.
Remember: 5 steps | CPC & MBE | planning–controlling link
Controlling: questions and notes
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