Cheat sheet · Class 12 · CBSE · Commerce Business Studies
Directing cheat sheet
The whole chapter on one page: key formulas, facts and the points to remember, for quick revision before a test.
CBSE Class 12 · Business Studies
Cheat sheet
Chapter 7Directing
Elements: Supervision, Motivation, Leadership, Communication.
1. Elements
- supervision
- motivation
- leadership
- communication
2. Maslow's Hierarchy
| Level | Need |
|---|---|
| 1 | basic physiological |
| 2 | safety & security |
| 3 | affiliation / belonging |
| 4 | esteem |
| 5 | self-actualisation |
Incentives: financial (pay, bonus, profit sharing) and non-financial (status, job enrichment, recognition, job security).
3. Leadership Styles
Autocratic
leader decides.
Democratic
consults the group.
Laissez-faire
group decides.
4. Communication
- Formal networks: single chain, wheel, circular, free flow, inverted V.
- Grapevine: informal.
- Barriers: semantic, psychological, organisational, personal.
5. Key Points
- Directing initiates action.
- Motivation is a psychological process.
- Satisfied needs no longer motivate.
- Listening improves communication.
Remember: 4 elements | Maslow | leadership styles | barriers
Directing: questions and notes
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