Cheat sheet · Class 11 · CBSE · Science Biology
Locomotion and Movement cheat sheet
The whole chapter on one page: key formulas, facts and the points to remember, for quick revision before a test.
CBSE Class 11 · Biology
Cheat sheet
Chapter 17Locomotion and Movement
Sliding filament: actin slides over myosin, using ATP and Ca²⁺.
1. Muscle Contraction
- Sarcomere: Z-line to Z-line; A band (dark, myosin), I band (light, actin).
- Ca²⁺ binds troponin → myosin heads bind actin (cross-bridges).
- During contraction I band shortens, A band stays the same.
2. Skeleton (206 bones)
| Part | Bones |
|---|---|
| Skull | 22 (8 cranial + 14 facial) |
| Vertebral column | 26 (cervical 7, thoracic 12, lumbar 5, sacral 1, coccygeal 1) |
| Ribs | 12 pairs (7 true, 3 false, 2 floating) |
| Each limb | 30 |
3. Joints
- Fibrous (skull sutures), cartilaginous (vertebrae), synovial.
- Synovial types: ball & socket, hinge, pivot, gliding, saddle.
4. Disorders
- Myasthenia gravis (autoimmune).
- Muscular dystrophy; tetany (low Ca²⁺).
- Arthritis, osteoporosis, gout.
5. Key Points
- Red fibres: myoglobin, aerobic.
- Three types of movement: amoeboid, ciliary, muscular.
- Sternum is a flat bone.
- Atlas–axis: pivot joint.
Remember: Sliding filament | bone counts | joint types
Locomotion and Movement: questions and notes
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