Cheat sheet · Class 11 · CBSE · Science Biology
Photosynthesis in Higher Plants cheat sheet
The whole chapter on one page: key formulas, facts and the points to remember, for quick revision before a test.
CBSE Class 11 · Biology
Cheat sheet
Chapter 11Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
Light reaction makes ATP + NADPH; Calvin cycle spends them to fix CO₂.
1. Overview
6CO₂ + 12H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6H₂O + 6O₂ (light, chlorophyll).
- O₂ comes from water (Ruben, Kamen).
- Grana: light reaction; stroma: dark reaction.
2. Light Reaction
- PS II (P680) and PS I (P700); Z-scheme of electron flow.
- Photolysis of water at PS II releases O₂.
- Chemiosmosis: H⁺ gradient across thylakoid drives ATP synthase.
- Cyclic photophosphorylation: only PS I, only ATP.
3. Calvin Cycle (C₃)
Carboxylation (RuBisCO: RuBP + CO₂ → 2 PGA) → reduction → regeneration of RuBP.
For one glucose: 6 turns, 18 ATP and 12 NADPH.
4. C₄ Pathway
- Kranz anatomy (bundle sheath cells).
- First product: oxaloacetic acid (4C), via PEP carboxylase in mesophyll.
- No photorespiration; maize, sugarcane.
5. Photorespiration & Factors
- RuBisCO binds O₂ → wasteful, no ATP/sugar (C₃ plants).
- Blackman's law of limiting factors: light, CO₂, temperature, water.
6. Key Points
- Chlorophyll a is the main pigment.
- Absorption peaks: blue and red light.
- RuBisCO is the most abundant enzyme.
- C₄ plants tolerate higher temperatures.
Remember: Z-scheme | 18 ATP + 12 NADPH | C₃ vs C₄ | photorespiration
Photosynthesis in Higher Plants: questions and notes
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- Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
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