Cheat sheet · Class 11 · CBSE · Science Biology
Plant Kingdom cheat sheet
The whole chapter on one page: key formulas, facts and the points to remember, for quick revision before a test.
CBSE Class 11 · Biology
Cheat sheet
Chapter 3Plant Kingdom
Algae → Bryophytes → Pteridophytes → Gymnosperms → Angiosperms: from water to seeds.
1. Algae
| Class | Pigment | Stored food | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorophyceae (green) | chl a, b | starch | Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra |
| Phaeophyceae (brown) | chl a, c, fucoxanthin | laminarin, mannitol | Laminaria, Fucus |
| Rhodophyceae (red) | chl a, d, r-phycoerythrin | floridean starch | Polysiphonia, Gracilaria |
Agar from Gelidium/Gracilaria; carrageen from red algae; algin from brown algae.
2. Bryophytes
- ‘Amphibians of the plant kingdom’; main body is the gametophyte.
- Liverworts (Marchantia — gemmae) and mosses (Funaria, Sphagnum — peat).
- Need water for fertilisation.
3. Pteridophytes
- First vascular plants; main body is the sporophyte.
- Selaginella, Salvinia are heterosporous — a step towards seed habit.
- Examples: Equisetum, ferns (Dryopteris, Adiantum).
4. Gymnosperms
- Naked seeds; no ovary.
- Cycas (coralloid roots with cyanobacteria), Pinus (mycorrhiza).
- Endosperm haploid.
5. Angiosperms
- Seeds enclosed in fruit.
- Double fertilisation: syngamy + triple fusion → triploid endosperm.
- Monocots and dicots.
6. Life Cycles
| Pattern | Dominant phase | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Haplontic | gametophyte (n) | Volvox, Spirogyra |
| Diplontic | sporophyte (2n) | seed plants, Fucus |
| Haplo-diplontic | both multicellular | bryophytes, pteridophytes, Ectocarpus |
7. Key Points
- Isogamy, anisogamy, oogamy in algae.
- Sphagnum used as packing material.
- Prothallus is the fern gametophyte.
- Gymnosperms: wind pollination.
Remember: 3 algae classes | gametophyte vs sporophyte | life cycle patterns
Plant Kingdom: questions and notes
More Class 11 · CBSE · Science Biology cheat sheets
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell: The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Cell Division
- Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and their Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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